Indonesia circa 1930s

My grandfather had visited Indonesia in the 1930s. He had taught in Indonesia for about a year or more before he was forced to leave due to his anti-colonial leanings. This is one of his photos from that period. Subsequently, he was to return to Indonesia under more arduous conditions in 1942. He fled Singapore with his family in a boat (unpowered) before Singapore fell to the brutal Imperial Japanese Army in early 1942. He was to live in the jungles of Sumatra with his family for several years before returning to Singapore in 1945 after the vanquished Japanese departed.

He had originally left China with his family in 1937 when the Imperial Japanese Army invaded China under several false pretexts and the army was engaged in rapine and massacres.